Fuel Poverty is it harmful for health? Evidence from French health survey data.

Summary The growing literature indicates that poor living conditions (unhealthy housing, education access, labor market access.) or low socio economics status are majors determinants of health and health inequalities (Jusot, 2006). Regarding poor living conditions, a section of energy economics concerns the fuel poverty concept. In France, fuel poverty was deÖned in the Article 11 of the national commitment to the environment (Grenelle II) of 12 July 2010: " an household who has di¢ culties disposing of the necessary energy satisfy his basic needs due to the inadequacy of his resources or his living conditions is in fuel poverty under this Act ". The french deÖnition of fuel poverty appears as a interaction between households, their socio-economic situation and their dwelling. This one can create some cumulatives e§ects or constitute a ripple e§ect. Moreover, the fuel poverty can considered as a part of the Precar- iousness framework as the food precariousness, the health precariousness, the Önantial precariousness. So, the fuel poverty can interact with the others types of precariousness. In this way, the fuel poverty constitute a additional source of weakening for individuals. In more general terms, the fuel poverty con- tribute to increase vulnerability to Poverty.