Justice distributive et mecanismes incitatifs : theories et applications a l'education.

Summary The first part of this work presents the main theories of distributive justice (utilitarianism, egalitarianism, equal opportunity theory), emphasizing their philosophical basis. However, it turns out that even if theorists of justice have been aware of the problems posed by the information necessary for the implementation of various ethical solutions, they have generally not adopted a forma♭ lise approach integrating informational issues. The second part of this thesis accordingly introduces the problems associated with asymmetric information alongside normative concerns. The formalized framework of implementation theory is presented, allowing♭ so much to introduce the revelation principle. The optimal mirrlees income taxation model is then presented, which was the first to mix informational and normative considerations by studying the influence of asymmetric information on the redistributive vocation of a tax scheme. Two theoretical essays are then presented, focusing on one of the main fields of public economics as an application framework: educa♭ tion. These contributions focus on the consequences of the presence of anti-selection on the main ethical solutions within the principal-agent paradigm. The analysis shows that optimal incentive management leads to a trade-off between equity and efficiency that constrains the implementation of an equal opportunity education policy. In particular, we show that the presence of anti-selection cou♭ plee to the existence of a strong social aversion to inequality reinforces the elitist character of the optimal education policy.