Tax reform: macro-sectoral impacts under the constraint of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Summary In this thesis, we propose to study the interactions between climate and fiscal policies, within a unified framework that takes into account the dynamics of state indebtedness, intergenerational trade-offs, and the existence of sectoral disparities. First, we identify the issues surrounding the success of an environmental fiscal reform and the structural conditions influencing the success of such a reform. We then approach the problem through a modeling exercise that allows us to address the intergenerational and sectoral impacts of different designs of environmental tax reforms in the French case. In particular, it appears that taxing final energy as an intermediate factor of production, combined with a reduction in the tax burden on labor, allows us to limit relatively more the costs associated with climate policy. Finally, in the last section we focus on the electricity sector and the consequences of different climate and fiscal policy scenarios in terms of production costs for this sector. We show that if the pressure on public finances does not subside, the increase in financing costs could be unfavorable to the renewal of the electricity fleet in favor of decarbonized technologies such as renewable energies. Thus, through macro-economic and sectoral approaches, this thesis illustrates the trade-off that governments could face regarding the recycling of green tax revenues in climate policy.