Environment and energy : analysis and evaluation of public policies.

Summary Climate change has become a major concern. The purpose of this thesis is to shed some light on current environmental issues. First, we question the effectiveness of environmental policies. Secondly, we are interested in how the well-being of households can be affected by environmental degradation.France has committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in the residential sector. In the first chapter, we study the determinants of residential energy consumption in order to identify the most effective policies to improve energy efficiency in this sector. We show that the challenge is to encourage households to undertake renovation work. This is the objective of policies such as the sustainable development tax credit or subsidies. In a second chapter, we evaluate the impact of these measures using a simulation model. The results show that while current policies are effective, they are not sufficient to achieve the set objectives. Finally, we focus in a third chapter on the impact of the tax credit on household behavior. This measure provides little incentive for households to carry out renovations, and this can be explained in part by a deadweight loss effect. Emerging countries are the most exposed to climate disasters. In a fourth chapter, we look at how environmental degradation affects households. Deforestation increases the scarcity of natural resources such as wood. This increases the likelihood that women will be involved in the collection of natural resources and thereby decreases their participation in the labor market.