The human dimension of Lean: the case of the PSA Group.

Summary While mass production was the dominant industrial paradigm in the 1980s, the Toyota Production System, the continuous improvement system exemplified at Toyota, attracted the interest of many researchers and industrialists seeking ways to improve the operational and financial performance of organizations. The objective of this thesis is to characterize the human dimension in production systems with a strong continuous improvement component in order to consider it during the adoption process. To do so, the thesis is oriented around three major contributions: the definition of the human dimension inherent to Lean, the historical evolution of the elements constituting this human dimension and its operationalization through the role of Lean experts in the adoption process.