Dynamic Monitoring Measures.

Summary Measurements are an everyday act, they give us a lot of information and allow us to make decisions. The analysis of measurements can allow us to learn more about our environment, but the error of a measurement can have important consequences in certain fields. In a first part, we propose, thanks to the study of blood analysis measurements carried out at the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, a procedure allowing to detect the drifts of the analyzers of medical biology laboratories, based on the measurements of patients' analyses. After a descriptive analysis of the data, the method implemented, using methods for detecting breaks in time series, is tested for simulations of breaks representing shifts, inaccuracies or drifts of analyzers for different biological parameters measured. The method is adapted for two scenarios: when the patients' hospital service is known or not. The study is completed by an analysis of the impact of the measurement uncertainty on the patients' analyses. In a second part we study measurements of volcanic ash shapes made at the Magmas and Volcanoes Laboratory of the University of Clermont Auvergne, in order to determine a link between the collection locations and the particle shapes. After having shown the dependence between these parameters, we propose, thanks to a classification method, a grouping of the particles representing different populations depending on the distance between the collection sites and the crater of the volcano.