GAMET Laurent

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Social dialogue in Côte d'Ivoire, encouraged and promoted by the ILO within the framework of decent work, has a large institutional network and many actors. It is an instrument of governance, in that it involves the State, the workers and the employers. Its aim is to promote social peace, which is essential for any economic development. Social dialogue in Côte d'Ivoire is gradually being implemented in the public sector and is being consolidated in the private sector. Its use during periods of crisis has made it possible to take into account the interests of workers and ensure the safeguarding and competitiveness of companies. Although its advantages are known and praised by the actors, social dialogue remains insufficiently exploited and fundamentally instrumentalized. The public authorities use it to seduce and reassure the various institutional partners in economic development about their commitment to good governance and the use of good practices. In addition to the inadequacy of the legal framework (lack of formal affirmation of the right to collective bargaining or even collective autonomy), workers' organizations, a major player in social dialogue, remain weak and dependent on politics. All these weaknesses prevent real progress in Ivorian social dialogue.

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Publisher's presentation: "Building the digital age cannot be done without a global reflection on the way and the function of judging. Judges are at the heart of this technological revolution. This encounter between the judge and the digital world is of a double nature. On the one hand, the judge must adapt the traditional subjects that are put to the test of digital technology (distribution and competition law, intellectual property, private international law). On the other hand, the digital tool invests the office of the judge and the jurisdictional organization. This interference of digital technology in the very heart of judicial activity is more worrying. It leads us to rethink the place of the judge and the function of judging. The digital "world" is clearly a challenge for the judge of the 21st century. This book is an opportunity to debate the vices and virtues of this "new" world by addressing two complementary aspects: I. Jurisdictional activity confronted with the digital world. II. The jurisdictional activity invested by the digital".

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The 4th cover indicates: "Building the digital era cannot be done without a global reflection on the way and the function of judging. Judges are at the heart of this technological revolution. This encounter between the judge and the digital world is of a double nature. On the one hand, the judge must adapt the traditional subjects that are put to the test of digital technology (distribution and competition law, intellectual property, private international law). On the other hand, the digital tool invests the judge's office and the jurisdictional organization. This interference of digital technology in the very heart of judicial activity is more worrying. It leads us to rethink the place of the judge and the function of judging. The digital "world" is clearly a challenge for the judge of the 21st century. This book, resulting from the colloquium organized by the IRDA on June 8, 2018, is an opportunity to discuss the vices and virtues of this "new" world by addressing two complementary aspects: 1. Jurisdictional activity confronted with the digital . II. Jurisdictional activity invested by the digital.".

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The Malian and Senegalese adoption laws contain important gaps which the study intends to remedy. Indeed, the Malian and Senegalese legislators, in their work of codification of adoption law, have, in an unfortunate way, adopted the French legislation on adoption while ignoring the socio-legal realities of their countries. In these countries, there are two forms of legal adoption copied from the French models of adoption. For Mali, these are filiation adoption and protection adoption, and for Senegal, full adoption and limited adoption. This legislative typology of adoption suffers from a lack of balance and coherence both in its structure and in its purpose. Consequently, it does not present a sufficient guarantee of protection of the rights of Malian and Senegalese children. Alongside legal adoption, de facto adoption coexists in both countries, which resists the law. Indeed, the traditional and recurrent practice of children entrusted to foster families in these countries remains a space "strangely" unaddressed by the law. However, these de facto adoptions constitute a kind of social and emotional kinship that deserves to be the source of law. Moreover, the law of intercountry adoption in both countries is embryonic and deserves to be better developed. In this perspective, the guiding principles contained in the 1993 Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption should be maintained and strengthened, and conflict of laws rules on intercountry adoption should be integrated into the domestic legislation of both countries, in a way that is more respectful of the best interests of children deprived of their family. These new rules will make it possible to determine the legislative jurisdiction and effectiveness in Mali and Senegal of adoption decisions rendered abroad in States not party to the 1993 Hague Convention.

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The legislator has created a battery of employment contracts concluded under public employment schemes. These contracts have two major characteristics, which distinguish them from other employment contracts and unite them within the same family of contracts. On the one hand, they are directed contracts: the public authority seeks to achieve public objectives through these private agreements. Their hybrid nature with regard to the distinctions between private and public interest implies, for the employer, the benefit of various incentives and, for the administrative authority, the possibility of intervening in the contractual process by means of various authorizations and controls. On the other hand, the work performed is not only remunerated, but also includes training or participation of the employer in the professional integration of the employee. The complex subject matter of the contracts requires, in terms of legal technique, the articulation of an employment contract with another agreement to achieve a complex contract or a complex of contracts. The emergence of new obligations, characteristic of agreements, is not without consequences for the employee's obligation to work and for the employer's power to direct and sanction. Thus, when the latter does not respect his commitments, the employee has various actions for enforcement and requalification. Beyond an attempt to rationalize positive law, one cannot fail to note that, in the future, the combination of formative, instilling and productive work periods should constitute the object of any employment contract. If we follow these perspectives, employment contracts concluded under public employment schemes, originally conceived as simple instruments, prefigure what could be the legal framework of a new employment relationship, understood lato sensu, i.e. including its non-market forms.