THIBAULT Emmanuel

The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the introduction of inheritance taxes on growth and labor supply, by considering the diversity of intergenerational family transfers. Indeed, family transmission can be educational, cultural, patrimonial, or even perceived as a transfer of time. All these forms of family solidarity generate externalities, which have a different impact on growth and the supply of labor, which may affect the effectiveness of tax policies. For example, the estate tax reduces the incentive to save but may increase educational investment or time transfers, which may positively affect household productivity and labor supply. Here we develop theoretical models with nested generations and altruism towards descendants. The thesis is composed of three chapters. The first chapter studies the impact of the non-availability of public debt on the intergenerational redistribution policy implemented by the government, using only the tax on labor income and the estate tax. It also allows for an analysis of its effect on economic growth and intergenerational family transfers, consisting of bequests and education expenditures, by highlighting the central role of inheritance taxation. The second chapter proposes a model with bequests and downward time transfers, whose objective is to show the differences between inheritance taxation and life-cycle capital taxation on household behavior. We show that using inheritance taxation instead of capital taxation can be a Pareto-improving reform, depending on the effect of the reform on labor supply. Finally, the third chapter also looks at the comparison between capital taxation and inheritance taxation, in a model where dynasties are different in terms of productivity and level of altruism. This chapter shows that applying the estate tax instead of the capital tax can improve the welfare of the less altruistic in the long run and, in some cases, can be Pareto-improving, if the resources available to the more altruistic increase with the reform.

In the first chapter, we analyze the interactions between the interbank market and sovereign default risk in a two-country general equilibrium model, focusing on the transmission of the recent financial crisis and unconventional monetary policy.In the second chapter, the effects of fiscal devaluation on macroeconomic indicators and welfare are analyzed using a two-country model in a monetary union where goods varieties and trade are endogenous.In the third chapter, the impact of the demographic factor on the growth of the service sector in the long run is highlighted.In the fourth chapter, the effects of labor mobility and capital mobility in a monetary union are studied.

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