PELLETAN Jacques

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This paper proposes a reassessment of economic growth in France between 1985 and 2010, incorporating domestic production into the wealth indicators of gross domestic product (GDP) and labor income. Over the period, GDP growth is overestimated by 0.35 percentage points. A time decomposition reveals that growth is clearly overestimated during the period 1985-2000, while it is rather underestimated during the period 2000-2010. The slowdown in GDP growth after the 2000s is much less evident when using the indicator extended to domestic production, whose growth rate falls from 1.6 percent to 1.5 percent.

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In order to remain highly competitive, industrial companies found their business strategies on the quality and the cost of the product/service they deliver to their clients. Therefore, it is crucial for them to guarantee the availability and reliability of their industrial equipment through maintenance. However, while applying maintenance, industrials face a major issue: what is the optimal maintenance strategy to adopt in order to minimize the total cost of maintenance while maintaining an acceptable level of system availability? In this paper, we answer this question by proposing an optimization approach that takes in consideration the various costs related to maintenance and integrates them in a global cost function to minimize. A critical threshold of the remaining useful life under which the system should be replaced is identified, as well as an inspection step giving the regularity with which the system should be inspected. We then illustrate the approach with an example: a mechanical bearing system of a train motor subject to degradation and to monitoring. This example has allowed us to determine the remaining useful life threshold as well as the number of inspections that minimize the total cost of maintenance.  Index Terms-remaining useful life, weibull distribution, cost optimization, predictive maintenance, rolling bearing system.

This paper proposes a reassessment of economic growth in France between 1985 and 2010, integrating domestic production with the wealth indicators of Gross Domestic Product and labor income. Over the period, GDP growth is overestimated by 0.35 percentage points. A time decomposition reveals that growth is clearly overestimated during the period 1985-2000, while it is rather underestimated during the period 2000-2010. The slowdown in GDP growth after the 2000s is much less evident when using the indicator extended to domestic production, whose growth rate increases from 1.6% to 1.5%.

Abstract-The growing complexity of industrial systems is driving public and private decision-makers to optimize the life cycle of a system, particularly with regard to maintenance operations. In this article, we propose an approach to optimize and plan the maintenance strategy taking into account both the costs of operations and the risks associated with system failure. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in an integration, in the objective function that we minimize, of the set of maintenance costs as well as the financial, environmental and human risks that could be caused by a possible system failure. This is based on the system's remaining useful life (RUL) as an indicator of the health status of the system. The decision variables are then: a critical threshold of RUL below which the component is replaced and an inspection step giving the regularity with which the system is inspected.

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The objective of this thesis is to define the role of health care expenditures in the French health care system and, in particular, to identify the extent to which health care represents a cost or an investment. It is based on a study of the interdependencies between health care and sick leave for more than 100,000 employees monitored between 2009 and 2012. The results demonstrate the dual preventive and curative component of any care.Our first work consists in identifying the additional cost of care due to ill health, based on a model regressing the cost of care on the fact of having been absent in 2012: there is then a significant cost of this care assimilated to consumption.Based on a Poisson model with inflation of zeros, we then reflect on the determinants of sick leave, and in particular on the role of the sector of activity in a portfolio of private sector employees. It appears that while the difference in sick leave reflects working conditions, the disparity in duration is more akin to employment conditions and social climate.We also look at the preventive role of health care, since it significantly reduces the future number of days of sick leave, using a fish model on panel data that takes into account the problem of initial condition.Our final classification of health care utilization and sick leave behavior shows health capital as a continuum in which investments are made.

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We use the National Transfer Accounts methodology to calculate the lifecycle deficit in France for the years 1979–2005. During this period, consumption profiles were roughly constant over age, while labor income profiles shifted to higher ages. The share of the aggregate lifecycle deficit in GDP rose sharply in the 1980s due to an increase in the mean age of the population. In contrast, the per capita shares of the lifecycle deficit attributed to the population under 20 and over 60 varied little during this period, even though the relative weights of these two age-segments has shifted continuously in favor of the latter.

We use the National Transfer Accounts methodology to calculate the lifecycle deficit in France for the years 1979-2005. During this period, consumption profiles were roughly constant over age, while labor income profiles shifted to higher ages. The share of the aggregate lifecycle deficit in GDP rose sharply in the 1980s due to an increase in the mean age of the population. In contrast, the per capita shares of the lifecycle deficit attributed to the population under 20 and over 60 varied little during this period, even though the relative weights of these two age-segments has shifted continuously in favor of the latter.

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The aim of the thesis is to establish the theoretical foundations of a security policy, and then to mobilize them in the particular case of crime risk. To do so, we first give an economic status to security, by conceiving it as a capability, in Sen's sense, and by subjecting it to an axiomatic. We then construct a "demand function" for security, which has two components: one is based on institutional evaluations . the other on agents' evaluation of risk, which we model in the framework initiated by Kahneman and Tversky. In the case of crime risk, whose historical evolution we first analyze, a security "supply function" is then constructed, based on a model of temporal allocation between legal and illegal activity. Thus, we can compare, first in a theoretical way, the supply and demand functions obtained. Then, a numerical application is carried out, allowing us to propose an allocation of public resources between two forms of expenditure intended for sensitive urban areas: education expenditure, on the one hand, and police expenditure, on the other.