CABANNES Pierre Yves

In France, business creators have a vast array of public financial aid at their disposal. Some of them are superimposed, others replace each other. Although the average amounts granted are relatively small, the total amount of funds involved is considerable. How can we measure the effectiveness of this public aid? Does it allow the development of innovative and profitable activities? Does it encourage the establishment of companies in disadvantaged areas or the long-term exit of job seekers who receive it? Shouldn't it be complemented by training prior to entrepreneurship and support for the young company for two or three years? In order to provide a concrete and empirical answer to these questions, the book reviews the main public aid schemes offered in France and offers a summary of the evaluations of the schemes implemented in France and abroad.

No summary available.

Macroeconomic models inspired by the Cowles Commission approach have had a remarkable longevity in economic administration. They have withstood the criticisms levelled at them in the literature and have survived the emergence and rise of other macroeconomic analysis tools because of their usefulness to the practitioner. Thanks to the balance they strike between the degree of anchorage to theory and the quality of fit to data, these generalist tools help to shed light on a wide range of questions that arise in operational settings. In addition, modellers have integrated advances in time series econometrics and now use them in combination with complementary analysis tools. Mésange, developed by INSEE and the French Treasury, is a model of this type. It includes some 40 econometrically estimated behavioral equations, for a total of about 500 equations and three modeled branches (manufacturing, non-manufacturing market and non-market). It exists in two versions, with volume data calculated in two different ways by the quarterly national accountants: in volume at constant prices and at chain-linked prices, the latter corresponding to the data published by INSEE since 2007. Two types of use are outlined and illustrated. In the first, the effect of shocks on the economy is studied in the short, medium and long term. The long-term properties of the model must therefore be well known and mastered. This leads to a preference for using the version of the model with constant price volumes. For the second type of use, which focuses on the re-reading of economic forecasts and the analysis of the recent past, it is essential that the model be consistent with the data in the published accounts: in this case, the version of the model with chained prices is used.

In France, business creators have a vast array of public financial aid at their disposal. Some of them are superimposed, others replace each other. Although the average amounts granted are relatively small, the total amount of funds committed is considerable. How can we measure the effectiveness of this public aid? Does it allow the development of innovative and profitable activities? Does it encourage the establishment of companies in disadvantaged areas or the long-term exit of job seekers who receive it? Shouldn't it be complemented by training prior to entrepreneurship and support for the young company for two or three years? In order to provide a concrete and empirical answer to these questions, the book reviews the main public aid schemes offered in France and offers a summary of the evaluations of the schemes implemented in France and abroad.

Chapter 1 proposes a neo-Schumpeterian model of technological diffusion in which the positive externality linked to diffusion has a negative indirect effect, passing through the capital market equilibrium and acting on the probability of technology adoption. Four long-run growth regimes emerge. In Chapter 2, we study the links between technical progress, technological diffusion and education. We examine the robustness of the results of Benhabib and Spiegel (2005). Our results are contradictory with theirs on technological diffusion, but the effect of the level of education on TFP growth appears positive. In Chapter 3, we study the relationship in France between the initial size of a firm and its subsequent survival. The relationship obtained between initial employment and the exit rate is original in the international literature. Chapter 4 evaluates the effect of the ACCRE on the life cycle of firms. This is a one-year exemption from social security contributions, granted after a selection process. Taking into account this endogeneity, we obtain that the causal effect of the ACCRE is non-significant. In Chapter 5, we look at the effect of international migration flows on per capita GDP growth. The effect of net migration is better than that of the natural population balance, but its total impact is insignificant. Finally, chapter 6 studies the differences in the number of firms created in France according to the nationality of the founder. We propose a method of decomposing survival differences into a share attributable to observables and a share linked to unobservables. The latter is predominant.

No summary available.

In France, business creators have a vast array of public financial aid at their disposal. Some of them are superimposed, others replace each other. Although the average amounts granted are relatively small, the total amount of funds involved is considerable. How can we measure the effectiveness of this public aid? Does it allow the development of innovative and profitable activities? Does it encourage the establishment of companies in disadvantaged areas or the long-term exit of job seekers who receive it? Shouldn't it be complemented by training prior to entrepreneurship and support for the young company for two or three years? In order to provide a concrete and empirical answer to these questions, the book reviews the main public aids offered in France and proposes a synthesis of the evaluations of the systems put in place in France and abroad. (Editor's summary).