LEPAGE SAUCIER Nicolas

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The figures published by Dares on January 27, 2014 confirm that 2013 did not end with the hoped-for inversion of the unemployment curve. On the contrary, the indicators studied are not improving. Unemployment is still on the rise and affects all age groups and genders, with the exception of the unemployment rate for men aged 1524, for which a reduction is observed in the first two quarters of 2013. Of particular concern is the steady growth in long-term unemployment. The monthly exit rate from unemployment remained very low and stable around 10% in 2013. Thus, there is hope for a stabilization of unemployment for early 2014, but a significant reversal of the curve seems unlikely in the short term. The job offers collected and satisfied by Pôle emploi have steadily decreased since January 2012, except for the last six months when the situation has slightly improved in terms of offers collected, which suggests a possible recovery if the trend continues. Finally, in 2013, the rate of employment growth was down or stable in almost all sectors of activity.

This thesis explores the impacts of employment protection and labor market institutions on worker stress, hours worked, and consumption. The first part examines how labor market shocks affect household consumption. Consumption is modeled to compare the response of households to real data, to calculate the welfare losses associated with each shock and to simulate the impact of unemployment insurance reforms. The second part studies the impact of employment protection laws on the variability of working hours and overtime. In a theoretical model, a firm chooses the number of workers and the hours per worker. Hiring and firing costs and variation in product demand generate variations in hours worked. Using Canadian data, we find that the impact of job protection on overtime use is positive and significant for provinces with long layoff notices, but negligible when notices are short. Finally, the third component looks at the effects of job protection on workers' stress and well-being. Job protection should benefit permanent employees by reducing their risk of losing their jobs, but may also have adverse effects. We test whether job protection increases or decreases stress using seven OECD surveys and a Canadian health survey. Job protection has a positive and significant impact on job stress in sectors with high job destruction relative to other sectors.

This paper discusses the pros and cons of a single labour contract. After reviewing the current state of dualism in labour markets. and the recent labour reforms in Europe, we discuss the various proposals to eliminate dualism. Next, we emphasise the costs of. dualism and discuss whether they would be addressed by introducing a single labour contract. We notably introduce a distinction. between reforms based on introducing a single contract with progressive seniority rights (CPSR) or a single contract with long. probation periods (CLPP).We argue that their gains and costs are very different, especially with regards to the stigma effects and. dualism. We also consider alternative reforms: the introduction of a single labour contract as such, and alternative reforms. independent of the labour contract but addressing the issue of dualism (training, access to housing and to credit) and compare their. costs and benefits. We then build a simple model where both temporary and permanent contracts are available to firms. We use it to describe the. demand for temporary contracts and the potential consequences of removing them and reach the following conclusions. First,. employment protection has a moderate negative impact on employment, which can be mitigated when temporary contracts are.