SOLNON Anaelle

How do French teachers perceive their profession and its conditions of practice? We use survey data collected from nationally representative samples of middle school teachers in 2013 and 2018 to describe the evolution of their feelings about key aspects of the profession. The diversity of the students appears to be a factor that complicates the conditions of practice and reinforces the need for training around the individualization of teaching. Teachers also appear to be highly committed professionals, expressing high expectations, among the highest in terms of European comparison, with regard to student success. The proportion who say they are very stressed at work is lower than the European average. Nevertheless, classroom management and maintaining discipline are a major source of stress for teachers, especially for those who consider themselves to be the least effective in their work and for those who report a low level of job satisfaction. The Talis data also highlight the characteristics of professional environments (staff involvement in decision-making processes, collaboration within teams, autonomy, etc.) that promote teacher satisfaction.

Despite the growing body of publicly available data on immigrant and immigrant-origin populations, quantitative studies of these populations are very rare in France. In particular, although the downgrading and poverty of new immigrants is now a classic research topic, few studies focus on the ways in which these new migrants can overcome their economic disadvantage. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the impact of two migration policy instruments that are likely to facilitate the integration of immigrants: the language training recently introduced as part of the Reception and Integration Contract and naturalization as a step in the integration process. The methodological challenge is significant because naturalization and language training are not random treatments: naturalized migrants are positively selected on characteristics that are unobservable to the econometrician. We use successively a discontinuity regression, a double difference estimation and a panel estimation to neutralize these selection effects. We find a small impact of language training on the French language level of migrants but we do not observe any effects on broader outcomes such as the probability of exiting unemployment, income, the number of months worked or the willingness to settle permanently. With a fixed-effects model we find no significant impact of naturalization.

Despite the growing body of publicly available data on immigrant and immigrant-origin populations, quantitative studies of these populations are very rare in France. In particular, although the downgrading and poverty of new immigrants is now a classic research topic, few studies focus on the ways in which these new migrants can overcome their economic disadvantage. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the impact of two migration policy instruments that are likely to facilitate the integration of immigrants: the language training recently introduced as part of the Reception and Integration Contract and naturalization as a step in the integration process. The methodological challenge is significant because naturalization and language training are not random treatments: naturalized migrants are positively selected on characteristics that are unobservable to the econometrician. We use successively a discontinuity regression, a double difference estimation and a panel estimation to neutralize these selection effects. We find a small impact of language training on the French language level of migrants but we do not observe any effects on broader outcomes such as the probability of exiting unemployment, income, the number of months worked or the willingness to settle permanently. With a fixed-effects model we find no significant impact of naturalization.

Despite the growing body of publicly available data on immigrant and immigrant-origin populations, quantitative studies of these populations are very rare in France. In particular, although the downgrading and poverty of new immigrants is now a classic research topic, few studies focus on the ways in which these new migrants can overcome their economic disadvantage. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the impact of two migration policy instruments that are likely to facilitate the integration of immigrants: the language training recently introduced as part of the Reception and Integration Contract and naturalization as a step in the integration process. The methodological challenge is significant because naturalization and language training are not random treatments: naturalized migrants are positively selected on characteristics that are unobservable to the econometrician. We use successively a discontinuity regression, a double difference estimation and a panel estimation to neutralize these selection effects. We find a small impact of language training on the French language level of migrants but we do not observe any effects on broader outcomes such as the probability of exiting unemployment, income, number of months worked or willingness to settle permanently. With a fixed effects model, we find no significant impact of naturalization.