LE PENDEVEN Benjamin

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Conflict in the VCs-entrepreneurs relationships is now considered as a normal phenomenon by the entrepreneurship literature. This article draws on important results from the literature on antecedents and outcomes of conflict and the one on conflict management and introduces a deeper understanding of how VCs and entrepreneurs use the conflicts occurring in their relationship to develop cooperation. Using an inductive multiple-case study of 14 VC-entrepreneur dyads, it shows that VCs and entrepreneurs develop two behaviors, voicing out and escalating, enabling them to turn conflicting situations into dialogue and cooperation.

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A large body of literature documents the significant difficulties experienced by female entrepreneurs in obtaining early-stage funding from investors. We investigate this issue in the emerging equity crowdfunding (ECF) context. Our results, based on data from four French ECF platforms, confirm that the feminisation of top management significantly reduces the likelihood of funding, suggesting that crowdfunding does not alleviate the difficulties that women face in raising funds to create startups.

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Driven by technological changes, new legal frameworks, a growing demand for financing on the part of innovative companies, and a rise in the maturity of market operators, innovation financing professionals have partly modified their practices and new tools are emerging. This thesis aims to investigate three of these financing methods. The first, Social Impact Bonds, is a method of financing non-entrepreneurial social innovation that appeared in Great Britain in 2010. The second tool analyzed is crowdfunding. An emerging form of crowdfunding for entrepreneurial projects on the internet, it has experienced strong growth over the past decade. The thesis questions the impact of the degree of innovation on the success of campaigns. The third and final tool discussed in the thesis is Multi Corporate Venture Capital (MCVC) funds and their organizational forms.

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Innovation is one of the most important topics of the moment. Much studied at the academic level, this notion has become in the last ten years a systematic injunction in most organizations, whether public or private, associative or for-profit. However, it is very rare to see practitioners and academic researchers working together on this issue. On the one hand, professors and researchers develop the concepts and theories of innovation; on the other hand, professionals experiment in the field without any real compass. Faced with this paradoxical situation, Entreprendre & Innover, with its culture of transferring academic knowledge to practice, wanted to devote an issue to Innovation, "in the plural". Today, innovation is very diverse: it can be technological, social, organizational, inclusive, or disruptive, among others. [.].

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