Intra-generational inequalities in France.

Summary Intra-generational inequalities are the inequalities that prevail within the same age group. Using the "Tax Income" and "Tax and Social Income" surveys conducted between 1996 and 2014, these inequalities are assessed using the Gini coefficient and the inter-decile ratio for incomes before and after the redistribution operated by the social and tax system. Age-cohort-period models are then estimated to distinguish age and generation effects. Over the life cycle, intra-generational inequality has a bell-shaped profile and reaches a maximum at age 55-59. Inequality is significantly lower among the youngest, whatever the inequality indicator used, and among the oldest, if measured with the inter-decile ratio. Comparing incomes before and after redistribution reveals that the social and fiscal system reduces inequality more particularly among the young. When measured with the Gini coefficient, intra-generational inequality increases significantly from generation to generation. When measured with the inter-decile ratio, the increase is very strong for the gross incomes of generations born from the 1970s onwards. The social and fiscal system has nevertheless compensated for this increase, since analysis of the inter-decile ratio applied to disposable income does not reveal any significant difference between generations.