The factories of "social peace". Actors and stakes of the social regulation (Grenoble, 1842-1938).

Summary This thesis deals with the forms of social regulation implemented by Grenoble's actors in the nineteenth century and during the first half of the twentieth century. For the elites, who participated more or less actively in their elaboration depending on the socio-political context, these forms had to ensure "social peace. They were aimed primarily at populations they considered to be at risk: tradespeople in the 19th century, then skilled industrial workers in the first half of the 20th century. The specificity of this research lies in its microhistorical approach. It focuses, on the one hand, on the study of the individuals and collective actors who conceived and administered the regulatory bodies, and on their career paths, knowledge and know-how. It also focuses on the actors who benefit from these organizations, their itineraries and protection strategies. This work shows that social regulation was disengaged from its environments of application at the end of the 19th century. This disengagement is both physical and social. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the knowledge and know-how of the working classes were disqualified in favor of the objectification of the social, which was judged to be more capable of resolving the social question. This objectification, carried out by the new republican elites, was carried out outside the fields of application of social regulation policies. From the beginning of the twentieth century, the working classes were only marginally involved in the administration of social affairs.