MONNET Eric

The thesis outlines a sociogenesis of the regulation of Euromarkets in the 1960s and 1970s. It seeks to explain why financial transactions whose development challenges the monetary sovereignty of states are instituted as an international market. The Euromarkets are an international market for credit in foreign currencies that was established from the 1960s to the 1980s and that, for the actors of the time, embodied the internationalization of finance and the emergence of a new world financial order. The thesis seeks to explain the different modalities of regulation of the Euromarkets by focusing on the actors and the key moments that led to the regulatory divisions of the market and its qualification. It covers some twenty years and explains the frontier work carried out by the main actors in the regulation of Euromarkets by identifying three key moments in the regulation of the market and international financial activities. It shows that these milestones led to the redefinition of financial sovereign boundaries, the institutionalization of offshore Euromarkets, and the reconfiguration of regulatory relations between public and private actors in international finance.

This article proposes to question the financing of journals, as well as the ways of thinking about their formats and their confections in the digital age. It first looks at the question of the cost of issues, based on the authors' experience with the humanities and social sciences journal Tracés. It then attempts to describe the variety of possible types of access to articles and reviews online. Finally, it discusses the new formats and editorial changes that "open access" could bring about in the years to come, encouraging a rethinking of the relationship between digital and paper versions.

The back cover states: "The last five years have shaken the very foundations of the European Union. Once a symbol of the promise of peace and prosperity, the European Union and the euro in particular have come to embody an image that is sometimes the opposite, that of a threat to the economic and financial well-being of European citizens and member states. This volume brings together economists, historians and political scientists to investigate the exact origin of this phenomenon, its consequences on the way Europe and the euro are experienced and the possible evolution of the European project. It also presents a first analysis of the numerous institutional and political reforms taken at the European level since the public debt crisis of 2010."

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The thesis studies the policy of the Banque de France from 1945 to the early 1970s, during the "Trente Glorieuses" period. While the image is often presented of a passive central bank acclimatizing to inflation and responding to the orders of fiscal policy, the exploitation of the Bank's archives as well as the use and construction of new data allows us to question this assumption and to show, on the contrary, how the action of the central bank on the French economy during the "Trente glorieuses" was decisive, both in maintaining an average inflation rate and avoiding financial crises, and in facilitating access to credit and thus favoring growth. To understand this action, it is necessary to see that the policy of the Banque de France was characterized by two distinctive features: it was deliberately not carried out by means of interest rates but was based on direct control of quantities, and secondly, monetary policy, credit policy and banking regulation were merged. This study of economic history combines several analytical tools. First, it offers an institutionalist approach to monetary policy, including the history of economic and political ideas and the history of practices. It then uses numerous econometric techniques, notably time series and panel techniques, to estimate the impact of these policies on the French economy. Finally, it proposes a theoretical model of a central bank practicing quantity rationing and maintaining a non-equilibrium interest rate.