Data-Driven-Based Forecasting of Two-Phase Flow Parameters in Rectangular Channel.
Qingyu HUANG, Yang YU, Yaoyi ZHANG, Yafeng WANG, Di CHEN, Zhixin PANG
Frontiers in Energy Research | 2021
No summary available.
Targeted Chemical Modifications Identify Key Features of Carbohydrate Assemblies and Generate Tailored Carbohydrate Materials.
Soeun GIM, Giulio FITTOLANI, Yang YU, Yuntao ZHU, Peter h SEEBERGER, Yu OGAWA, Martina DELBIANCO
Chemistry – A European Journal | 2021
The molecular level description of carbohydrate assemblies is hampered by their structural complexity and the lack of suitable analytical methods. Here, we employed systematic chemical modifications to identify key noncovalent interactions that triggered the supramolecular assembly of a disaccharide model. While some modifications disrupted the supramolecular organization, others were tolerated, delivering important information on the aggregation process. The screening identified new geometries, including nanotubes, and twisted ribbons that were characterized with electron tomography and electron diffraction (ED) methods. This work demonstrates that the combination of synthetic chemistry and ED methods is a powerful tool to draw correlations between the molecular structure and the nanoscale architecture of carbohydrate assemblies.
The Delphi and GRADE methodology used in the PSOGI 2018 consensus statement on Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Peritoneal Mesothelioma.
R j LURVINK, L VILLENEUVE, K GOVAERTS, I h j t DE HINGH, B j MORAN, M DERACO, K VAN DER SPEETEN, O GLEHEN, V KEPENEKIAN, S KUSAMURA, Mohammad s. ALYAMI, Thierry ANDRE, Pedro BARRIOS SANCHEZ, Joel m. BAUMGARTNER, Aditi BHATT, Almog BEN YAACOV, Rosella BERTULLI, Jan BRAESS, Jacobus w.a. BURGER, Pedro CASCALES CAMPOS, Peter CASHIN, Tom CECIL, P, Wim p. CEELEN, Geert jan CREEMERS, Delia CORTES GUIRAL, Sanjeev DAYAL, Michele DE SIMONE, Maria DI BARTOLOMEO, Pierre DUBE, Kjersti FLATMARK, Jason m. FOSTER, Diane GOERE, Luis GONZALES BAYON, Alexander HERIOT, Peter j. HEWETT, Mao chih HSIEH, Martin HUBNER, Nielsf.m. KOK, Stein g. LARSEN, Kuno LEHMANN, Yan LI, Brian w. LOGGIE, Nicholas LUTTON, Jasen LY, Craig LYNCH, Marcos LYRA, Sanket MEHTA, Faheez MOHAMED, David l. MORRIS, Aviram NISSAN, Maciej s. NOWACKI, Pankaj k. PANDE, Eun jung PARK, Julien PERON, David j. PERRY, Filippo PIETRANTONIO, Pompiliu PISO, Marc POCARD, Claudio QUADROS, Firoz RAJAN, Beate RAU, Marc a. REYMOND, Peter THUSS PATIENCE, Armando SARDI, Lucas SIDERIS, Marianne SINN, Selman SOKMEN, Sampige p. SOMASHEKHAR, John d. SPILIOTIS, Paul h. SUGARBAKER, Ingvar SYK, Antonios a. TENTES, Melissac.c. TEO, Kiran k. TURAGA, Mario VALLE, Victor j. VERWAAL, Malcom s. WILSON, Roman r. YAREMA, Yutaka YONEMURA, Yang YU
European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2021
No summary available.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of a whole insect reveals its phloem sap-sucking mechanism at nano-resolution.
Xin qiu WANG, Jian sheng GUO, Dan ting LI, Yang YU, Jaco HAGOORT, Bernard MOUSSIAN, Chuan xi ZHANG
eLife | 2021
No summary available.
Peritoneal mesothelioma: PSOGI/EURACAN clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
S KUSAMURA, V KEPENEKIAN, L VILLENEUVE, R j LURVINK, K GOVAERTS, I h j t DE HINGH, B j MORAN, K VAN DER SPEETEN, M DERACO, O GLEHEN, Pedro BARRIOS SANCHEZ, Joel m. BAUMGARTNER, Almog BEN YAACOV, Rosella BERTULLI, Peter CASHIN, Tom CECIL, Sanjeev DAYAL, Michele DE SIMONE, Jason m. FOSTER, Diane GOERE, Kuno LEHMANN, Yan LI, Brian w. LOGGIE, Faheez MOHAMED, David l. MORRIS, Aviram NISSAN, Pompiliu PISO, Marc POCARD, Beate RAU, Marc a. REYMOND, Lucas SIDERIS, John d. SPILIOTIS, Paul h. SUGARBAKER, Victor j. VERWAAL, Malcom s. WILSON, Yutaka YONEMURA, Yang YU
European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2021
No summary available.
Appendiceal tumours and pseudomyxoma peritonei: Literature review with PSOGI/EURACAN clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.
K GOVAERTS, R j LURVINK, I h j t DE HINGH, K VAN DER SPEETEN, L VILLENEUVE, S KUSAMURA, V KEPENEKIAN, M DERACO, O GLEHEN, B j MORAN, Pedro BARRIOS SANCHEZ, Joel m. BAUMGARTNER, Almog BEN YAACOV, Rosella BERTULLI, Peter CASHIN, Tom CECIL, Sanjeev DAYAL, Michele DE SIMONE, Jason m. FOSTER, Diane GOERE, Kuno LEHMANN, Yan LI, Brian w. LOGGIE, Faheez MOHAMED, David l. MORRIS, Aviram NISSAN, Pompiliu PISO, Marc POCARD, Beate RAU, Marc a. REYMOND, Lucas SIDERIS, John d. SPILIOTIS, Paul h. SUGARBAKER, Victor j. VERWAAL, Malcom s. WILSON, Yutaka YONEMURA, Yang YU
European Journal of Surgical Oncology | 2021
No summary available.
Check dams worldwide: Objectives, functions, effectiveness and undesired effects.
Manuel esteban LUCAS BORJA, Guillaume PITON, Yang YU, Carlos CASTILLO, Demetrio ANTONIO ZEMA
CATENA | 2021
No summary available.
Author response: Three-dimensional reconstruction of a whole insect reveals its phloem sap-sucking mechanism at nano-resolution.
Xin qiu WANG, Jian sheng GUO, Dan ting LI, Yang YU, Jaco HAGOORT, Bernard MOUSSIAN, Chuan xi ZHANG
2021
No summary available.
Build Your Own Mushroom Soil: Microbiota Succession and Nutritional Accumulation in Semi-Synthetic Substratum Drive the Fructification of a Soil-Saprotrophic Morel.
Hao TAN, Yang YU, Jie TANG, Tianhai LIU, Renyun MIAO, Zhongqian HUANG, Francis m MARTIN, Weihong PENG
Frontiers in Microbiology | 2021
No summary available.
Estimation of boundary condition of two-dimensional nonlinear PDE with application to continuous casting.
Yang YU, Xiaochuan LUO, Yuan WANG, Huaxi (yulin) ZHANG
Computers & Mathematics with Applications | 2020
No summary available.
Integral Matrix Gram Root and Lattice Gaussian Sampling Without Floats.
Leo DUCAS, Steven GALBRAITH, Thomas PREST, Yang YU
Lecture Notes in Computer Science | 2020
No summary available.
Long-term observations of reactive gases at the puy de Dôme (PUY Global GAW) station (France, 1465 m a.s.l.).
Aurelie COLOMB, Manon ROCCO, Agnes BORBON, Yang YU, Miao WANG, Laetitia BOUVIER, Jean marc PICHON, Mickael RIBEIRO, Laurent DEGUILLAUME, Jean luc BARAY
2020
No summary available.
Représentations sociolinguistiques et pratiques langagières liées au contact de langues tibétain/chinois dans les universités du shandong (chine).sociolinguistic representations and language practices related to tibetan/chinese languages in contact in shandong universities (china).
Yang YU
2020
China, a multinational country with 56 nationalities, has a complex linguistic configuration with more than two hundred languages. The prestige and hegemony of contemporary standardized Chinese relegates the languages and cultures of the 55 ethnic minorities to the shadows, in contrast to a state policy proclaiming the "flourishing of the 56 nationalities in the great family of the Chinese Nation". In the current circumstances where China is participating in accelerated urbanization and globalization, this thesis aims to shed light on the language practices, glottopolitical interventions, language representations, and sociolinguistic identity of a group of young Tibetan students in their aspirations for academic and social success in mainland China, specifically in Shandong province, the homeland of Confucius and a place very much marked by the preponderance of emphasis on the pursuit of academic and university success.
Soil Science Challenges in a New Era: A Transdisciplinary Overview of Relevant Topics.
Jesus RODRIGO COMINO, Manuel LOPEZ VICENTE, Vinod KUMAR, Andres RODRIGUEZ SEIJO, Orsolya VALKO, Claudia ROJAS, Hamid reza POURGHASEMI, Luca SALVATI, Noura BAKR, Emmanuelle VAUDOUR, Eric c BREVIK, Maja RADZIEMSKA, Manuel PULIDO, Simone DI PRIMA, Marta DONDINI, Wim DE VRIES, Erika s SANTOS, Maria de lourdes MENDONCA SANTOS, Yang YU, Panos PANAGOS
Air, Soil and Water Research | 2020
Transdisciplinary approaches that provide holistic views are essential to properly understand soil processes and the importance of soil to society and will be crucial in the future to integrate distinct disciplines into soil studies. A myriad of challenges faces soil science at the beginning of the 2020s. The main aim of this overview is to assess past achievements and current challenges regarding soil threats such as erosion and soil contamination related to different United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) including (1) sustainable food production, (2) ensure healthy lives and reduce environmental risks (SDG3), (3) ensure water availability (SDG6), and (4) enhanced soil carbon sequestration because of climate change (SDG13). Twenty experts from different disciplines related to soil sciences offer perspectives on important research directions. Special attention must be paid to some concerns such as (1) effective soil conservation strategies. (2) new computational technologies, models, and in situ measurements that will bring new insights to in-soil process at spatiotemporal scales, their relationships, dynamics, and thresholds. (3) impacts of human activities, wildfires, and climate change on soil microorganisms and thereby on biogeochemical cycles and water relationships. (4) microplastics as a new potential pollutant. (5) the development of green technologies for soil rehabilitation. and (6) the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by simultaneous soil carbon sequestration and reduction in nitrous oxide emission. Manuscripts on topics such as these are particularly welcomed in Air, Soil and Water Research.
Key Recovery from Gram–Schmidt Norm Leakage in Hash-and-Sign Signatures over NTRU Lattices.
Pierre alain FOUQUE, Paul KIRCHNER, Mehdi TIBOUCHI, Alexandre WALLET, Yang YU
Lecture Notes in Computer Science | 2020
No summary available.
Sociolinguistic representations and language practices related to Tibetan/Chinese language contact in universities in Shandong, China.
Yang YU
2020
China, a multinational country with 56 nationalities, has a complex linguistic configuration with more than two hundred languages within it. The prestige and hegemony of contemporary standardized Chinese relegates the languages and cultures of the 55 ethnic minorities to the shadows, in contrast to a state policy advocating the "flowering of the 56 nationalities in the great family of the Chinese Nation". In the current context of China's polemical approach to ethnic issues and accelerated urbanization and globalization, this dissertation aims to shed light on the language practices, glottopolitical interventions, language representations, and sociolinguistic identity of Tibetans in their aspirations for academic and social success in mainland China, specifically in Shandong province - our field of investigation. Our reflection is based on a sociolinguistic survey, both quantitative and qualitative, carried out with a group of Tibetan students attending school in Shandong.
Estimation of velocity potential of water waves using a Luenberger-like observer.
Cheng zhong XU, Yang YU, Hai long PEI
Science China Information Sciences | 2020
No summary available.
Reconstructing the formation history of top-shaped asteroids from the surface boulder distribution.
Bin CHENG, Yang YU, Erik ASPHAUG, Patrick MICHEL, Derek c. RICHARDSON, Masatoshi HIRABAYASHI, Makoto YOSHIKAWA, Hexi BAOYIN
Nature Astronomy | 2020
No summary available.
Assessing possible mutual orbit period change by shape deformation of Didymos after a kinetic impact in the NASA-led Double Asteroid Redirection Test.
Masatoshi HIRABAYASHI, Alex b. DAVIS, Eugene g. FAHNESTOCK, Derek c. RICHARDSON, Patrick MICHEL, Andrew f. CHENG, Andrew s. RIVKIN, Daniel j. SCHEERES, Steven r. CHESLEY, Yang YU, Shantanu p. NAIDU, Stephen r. SCHWARTZ, Lance a.m. BENNER, Petr PRAVEC, Angela m. STICKLE, Martin JUTZI
Advances in Space Research | 2019
No summary available.
Identification of water depth and velocity potential for water waves.
Yang YU, Hai long PEI, Cheng zhong XU
Systems & Control Letters | 2019
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the identification of the water depth and the water velocity potential in a coastal region by using the linearized water wave equation (LWWE). Existence and uniqueness of the solutions to the partial differential equation LWWE are shown by using the semigroup theory. Moreover the analytical solution is found by the separation of variables method. We assume that the surface wave elevation is measurable. We like to recover the water depth and the water velocity potential from the measurement. This identification problem is shown to be well-posed by proving the parameters' identifiability by the surface elevation. Based on the classical gradient descent method we elaborate an identification algorithm to recover simultaneously both the water depth and the velocity potential. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate effectiveness of the algorithm.
European Medicines Agency review of midostaurin (Rydapt) for the treatment of adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and systemic mastocytosis.
Kyriaki TZOGANI, Yang YU, Didier MEULENDIJKS, Carla HERBERTS, Paula HENNIK, Remy VERHEIJEN, Torunn WANGEN, Gro DAHLSENG HAKONSEN, Torny KAASBOLL, Marianne DALHUS, Bjorg BOLSTAD, Tomas SALMONSON, Christian GISSELBRECHT, Francesco PIGNATTI
ESMO Open | 2019
No summary available.
Intercropping cereals with faba bean reduces plant disease incidence regardless of fertilizer input. a meta-analysis.
Chaochun ZHANG, Yan DONG, Li TANG, Yi ZHENG, David MAKOWSKI, Yang YU, Fusuo ZHANG, Wopke VAN DER WERF
European Journal of Plant Pathology | 2019
Ecological intensification of agriculture calls for ecological mechanisms to replace anthropogenic inputs. Cereal/legume intercropping increases yields due to species complementarities, it produces high pro- tein food and feed, and it reduces the need for artificial N fertilizer because legumes fix N biologically. In addi- tion, intercropping has the potential to suppress plant diseases, but its efficacy for disease suppression in cereal/legume mixtures has not been well characterized quantitatively. Here we conducted meta-analysis to quantify the disease suppressive effect of intercropping cereals with legumes at different levels of N fertilizer. Intercropping reduced disease incidence (measured by the odds ratio of disease occurrence) by 45% on aver- age. This reduction was significant (P < 0.01) for four out of six studied pathogens: yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) and mildew (Blumeria graminis) in wheat (Triticum aestivum), and chocolate spot (Bo- trytis fabae) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in faba bean (Vicia faba). Disease reduction was mar- ginally significant for yellow rust in barley (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei) (P < 0.10) and not significant for bean rust (Uromyces fabae). The reduction in disease incidence was greatest during the early stages of epi- demics. N fertilizer strongly increased the incidence of powdery mildew of wheat, but it did not affect the incidence of the other diseases and it did not affect the effectiveness of intercropping as a management strategy for disease control. While nitrogen input increased pow- dery mildew incidence in both sole and intercropped wheat, the incidence was lower in the intercropped than sole wheat at all levels of N input. The disease suppres- sive effect of intercropping on wheat powdery mildew or any other disease was not affected by the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The results show that intercropping has a substantial and consistent effect on disease inci- dence in cereal/faba bean mixtures across studies, but is not sufficient to provide complete disease control. Intercropping is therefore best used as a component in an integrated approach for managing plant diseases.
Dynamic optimization method of secondary cooling water quantity in continuous casting based on three-dimensional transient nonlinear convective heat transfer equation.
Yang YU, Xiaochuan LUO, Huaxi (YULIN) ZHANG, Qingxin ZHANG
Applied Thermal Engineering | 2019
No summary available.
TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit organization via Protocadherin 19 in the mammalian cortex.
Xiaohui LV, Si qiang REN, Xin jun ZHANG, Zhongfu SHEN, Tanay GHOSH, Anjin XIANYU, Peng GAO, Zhizhong LI, Susan LIN, Yang YU, Qiangqiang ZHANG, Matthias GROSZER, Song hai SHI
Nature Communications | 2019
Cerebral cortex expansion is a hallmark of mammalian brain evolution. yet, how increased neurogenesis is coordinated with structural and functional development remains largely unclear. The T-box protein TBR2/EOMES is preferentially enriched in intermediate progenitors and supports cortical neurogenesis expansion. Here we show that TBR2 regulates fine-scale spatial and circuit organization of excitatory neurons in addition to enhancing neurogenesis in the mouse cortex. TBR2 removal leads to a significant reduction in neuronal, but not glial, output of individual radial glial progenitors as revealed by mosaic analysis with double markers. Moreover, in the absence of TBR2, clonally related excitatory neurons become more laterally dispersed and their preferential synapse development is impaired. Interestingly, TBR2 directly regulates the expression of Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), and simultaneous PCDH19 expression rescues neurogenesis and neuronal organization defects caused by TBR2 removal. Together, these results suggest that TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit assembly via PCDH19 in the mammalian cortex.
A finite element method for computational full two-body problem: I. The mutual potential and derivatives over bilinear tetrahedron elements.
Yang YU, Bin CHENG, Masatoshi HAYABAYASHI, Patrick MICHEL, Hexi BAOYIN
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy | 2019
No summary available.
Are the Chinese Altai “terranes” the result of juxtaposition of different crustal levels during Late Devonian and Permian orogenesis?
Arnaud BROUSSOLLE, Min SUN, Karel SCHULMANN, Alexandra GUY, Carmen AGUILAR, Pavla STIPSKA, Yingde JIANG, Yang YU, Wenjiao XIAO
Gondwana Research | 2019
No summary available.
Polarity governs atomic interaction through two-dimensional materials.
Wei KONG, Huashan LI, Kuan QIAO, Yunjo KIM, Kyusang LEE, Yifan NIE, Doyoon LEE, Tom OSADCHY, Richard j MOLNAR, D kurt GASKILL, Rachael l MYERS WARD, Kevin m DANIELS, Yuewei ZHANG, Suresh SUNDRAM, Yang YU, Sang hoon BAE, Siddharth RAJAN, Yang SHAO HORN, Kyeongjae CHO, Abdallah OUGAZZADEN, Jeffrey c GROSSMAN, Jeehwan KIM
Nature Materials | 2018
The transparency of two-dimensional (2D) materials to intermolecular interactions of crystalline materials has been an unresolved topic. Here we report that remote atomic interaction through 2D materials is governed by the binding nature, that is, the polarity of atomic bonds, both in the underlying substrates and in 2D material interlayers. Although the potential field from covalent-bonded materials is screened by a monolayer of graphene, that from ionic-bonded materials is strong enough to penetrate through a few layers of graphene. Such field penetration is substantially attenuated by 2D hexagonal boron nitride, which itself has polarization in its atomic bonds. Based on the control of transparency, modulated by the nature of materials as well as interlayer thickness, various types of single-crystalline materials across the periodic table can be epitaxially grown on 2D material-coated substrates. The epitaxial films can subsequently be released as free-standing membranes, which provides unique opportunities for the heterointegration of arbitrary single-crystalline thin films in functional applications.
Polycyclic Palaeozoic evolution of accretionary orogenic wedge in the southern Chinese Altai: Evidence from structural relationships and U–Pb geochronology.
Carmen AGUILAR, Min SUN, Karel SCHULMANN, Pavla STIPSKA, Yang YU, Wenjiao XIAO, Arnaud BROUSSOLLE, Yingde JIANG, Sheng WANG, Jitka MIKOVA
Lithos | 2018
No summary available.
The use of check dams for soil restoration at watershed level: a century of history and perspectives.
Manuel LUCAS BORJA, Guillaume PITON, Mary NICHOLS, Carlos CASTILLO, Zema DEMETRIO, Yang YU
European Geoscience Union General Assembly | 2018
Check dams are transverse structures designed and built in watersheds mainly to control water and sediment flows, conserve soil and improve land. Their stabilization role across stream-beds and gullies have been well known since many years. National, regional and local governments have spent in the last century, and still currently spend, important funds for maintenance and new implementations of check dams as basin scale erosion-control measures throughout the world. However, some projects experience disappointing results due to many different circumstances, such as poor construction quality, inadequate check dam location and lack of adequate design criteria. In addition, these structures induce secondary effects: for instance, different studies have pointed that check dams represent one of the most dominant forms of human impact upon mountain fluvial systems, as they disrupt the downstream transfer of water and sediments. observations of channel cross sections and bed material in several studies for instance indicate that check dams may increase erosion downstream. Furthermore, in spite of many and eminent studies focusing on laboratory and field researches, the complex hydraulic functioning of the structures (in particular for open check dams, proposed to smooth the adverse effects of the traditional structures) is not completely understood. Thus, there is a lack of full knowledge to optimize existing dams and define the best-adapted design to a given site, also considering the variety of factors (materials, size, number, type, etc.) of these engineering works and effects (morphological, hydraulic, sedimentary, ecological and so on) played by them. In this communication, we present the preliminary results of an international review process considering more than 200 papers to highlight problems and benefits of check dam construction all over the world. We aim to achieve a detailed comprehension of check dams' effects at watershed scale in soil restoration schemes from the analysis of results reported in global literature (conceptual thinking, field observations, laboratory simulations), in order to contribute to filling the knowledge gaps identified above. This work is intended to represent a starting point to a future perspective to increase the confidence in developing check dams as restoration tools at watershed scale.
The Dynamical Complexity of Surface Mass Shedding from a Top-shaped Asteroid Near the Critical Spin Limit.
Yang YU, Patrick MICHEL, Masatoshi HIRABAYASHI, Stephen SCHWARTZ, Yun ZHANG, Derek RICHARDSON, Xiaodong LIU
The Astronomical Journal | 2018
The regolith transport near the surface of an asteroid is inherently sensitive to the local topography. In this paper, conditions of surface mass shedding and the subsequent evolution of the shedding material are studied for the primary of 65803 Didymos, serving as a representative for a large group of top-shaped asteroids that rotate near their critical spin limits. We considered the influences of an asymmetric shape and a non-spherical gravity, and demonstrate that these asymmetries play a significant role in the shedding process as well as in the subsequent orbital motion. The mass shedding conditions are given as a function of the geological coordinates, and show a clear-cut dependency on the local topographic features. We find that at different stages of the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack spin-up, the bulged areas exhibit a uniform superior advantage of enabling mass shedding over the depressed areas. "Dead zones" free from mass shedding are found around the polar sites. Numerical simulations show that the orbital motion of the shedding material experiences a drastic change as the spin rate is approaching the critical limit. The "mass leaking" effect is reinforced as the spin rate increases. the lower spin rates correspond to a higher capability of trapping the lofted particles in the vicinity of the asteroid, which statistically improves the probability of collisional growth in orbit. We also find that the topological transition of the equilibrium point can in practice lead to rapid clearance of the shedding material and transport of their orbits to larger distances from the surface.
Ejecta cloud from the AIDA space project kinetic impact on the secondary of a binary asteroid: II. Fates and evolutionary dependencies.
Yang YU, Patrick MICHEL
Icarus | 2018
No summary available.
Good Consumer or Bad Consumer: Economic Information Revealed from Demand Profiles.
Yang YU, Guangyi LIU, Wendong ZHU, Fei WANG, Bing SHU, Kai ZHANG, Ram RAJAGOPAL, Nicolas ASTIER
2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) | 2018
No summary available.
Ejecta cloud from the AIDA space project kinetic impact on the secondary of a binary asteroid: I. mechanical environment and dynamical model.
Yang YU, Patrick MICHEL, Stephen r. SCHWARTZ, Shantanu p. NAIDU, Lance a.m. BENNER
Icarus | 2017
An understanding of the post-impact dynamics of ejecta clouds are crucial to
the planning of a kinetic impact mission to an asteroid, and also has great
implications for the history of planetary formation. The purpose of this
article to track the evolution of ejecta produced by AIDA mission, which
targets for kinetic impact the secondary of near-Earth binary asteroid 65803
Didymos on 2022, and to feedback essential informations to AIDA's ongoing
phase-A study. We present a detailed dynamic model for the simulation of an
ejecta cloud from a binary asteroid that synthesizes all relevant forces based
on a previous analysis of the mechanical environment. We apply our method to
gain insight into the expected response of Didymos to the AIDA impact,
including the subsequent evolution of debris and dust. The crater scaling
relations from laboratory experiments are employed to approximate the
distributions of ejecta mass and launching speed. The size composition of
fragments is modeled with a power law fitted from observations of real asteroid
surface. A full-scale demonstration is simulated using parameters specified by
the mission. We report the results of the simulation, which include the
computed spread of the ejecta cloud and the recorded history of ejecta
accretion and escape. The violent period of the ejecta evolution is found to be
short, and is followed by a stage where the remaining ejecta is gradually
cleared. Solar radiation pressure proves to be efficient in cleaning dust-size
ejecta, and the simulation results after two weeks shows that large debris on
polar orbits (perpendicular to the binary orbital plane) has a survival
advantage over smaller ejecta and ejecta that keep to low latitudes.
Expression and Construction of Yeast Expression Vector Containing CsTCTP1 Gene from Cucumber in Yeast Two-Hybrid System.
Qiu min CHEN, Na CUI, Yang YU, Xiang nan MENG, Hai yan FAN
The Open Plant Science Journal | 2017
No summary available.
Structural analysis of rubble-pile asteroids applied to collisional evolution.
Yang YU, Derek RICHARDSON, Patrick MICHEL
Astrodynamics | 2017
No summary available.
13th International Conference on Conservative Management of Spinal Deformities and First Joint Meeting of the International Research Society on Spinal Deformities and the Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment – SOSORT-IRSSD 2016 meeting.
Aria BAGHERI, Xue cheng LIU, Channing TASSONE, John THOMETZ, Amie CHALOUPKA, Sergey TARIMA, Larry COHEN, Milena SIMIC, Sarah DENNIS, Kathryn REFSHAUGE, Evangelos PAPPAS, Eric c. PARENT, Matthew PIETROSANU, Emily REDFORD, Sheri SCHMIDT, Douglas l. HILL, Marc MOREAU, Douglas m. HEDDEN, Samer ADEEB, Edmond LOU, Rob c. BRINK, Tom p. c. SCHLOSSER, Dino COLO, Koen l. VINCKEN, Marijn VAN STRALEN, Steve c. n. HUI, Winnie c. w. CHU, Jack c. y. CHENG, Rene m. CASTELEIN, Vasileios KECHAGIAS, Theodoros b. GRIVAS, Konstantinos VLASIS, Konstantinos MICHAS, Elisa m. s. TAM, Fiona w. p. YU, Vivian w. y. HUNG, Lin SHI, Ling QIN, Bobby k. w. NG, James GRIFFITH, Tsz ping LAM, Cindy XUE, Jean philippe PIALASSE, Judy y. h. WONG, Quang n. VO, Lawrence h. LE, Rui ZHENG, James k. MAHOOD, Sarah SOUTHON, Arnaud BRIGNOL, Farida CHERIET, Marie claude MIRON, Catherine LAPORTE, Yong QIU, Hao LIU, Zhen LIU, Ze zhang ZHU, Bang ping QIAN, Xuecheng LIU, Robert RIZZA, Derek ROSOL, Paula NORTH, Fabio ZAINA, Francesca PESENTI, Stefano NEGRINI, Luca PERSANI, Paolo CAPODAGLIO, Nicoletta POLLI, Benjamin hon kei YIP, Fiona wai ping YU, Vivian wing yin HUNG, Bobby kin wah NG, Jack chun yiu CHENG, Jiajun ZHANG, Wayne yuk wai LEE, Huanxiong CHEN, Elisa man shan TAM, Gene chiwai MAN, Zezhang ZHU, P. HARASYMCZUK, M. ANDRUSIEWICZ, P. JANUSZ, P. BIECEK, Tomasz KOTWICKI, M. KOTWICKA, Jung sub LEE, Jong ki SHIN, Tae sik GOH, Seung min SON, Gene chi wai MAN, Mark SCHWARTZ, Sarah GILDAY, Donita i. BYLSKI AUSTROW, David l. GLOS, Lindsay SCHULTZ, Sara O'HARA, Viral v. JAIN, Peter f. STURM, Xiaoyu WANG, Dennis g. CRANDALL, Stefan PARENT, Noelle LARSON, Hubert LABELLE, Carl eric AUBIN, Negar behzadi FARD, Kajsa DUKE, Leeann LUKENCHUK, Matthew KERSLAKE, Geraldine HUYNH, Jill CHORNEY, Ban TSUI, Daniel TOBERT, Prachi BAKARANIA, Hagit BERDISHEVSKY, Kelly GRIMES, Hiroko MATSUMOTO, Joshua HYMAN, Benjamin ROYE, David ROYE, Michael VITALE, Jason BLACK, Michael BRADLEY, Shawn DRAKE, David GLYNN, Erika MAUDE, Amelia m. LINDGREN, Nicholas FEINBERG, Zachary BLOOM, Sarah DUPUIS, Carole FORTIN, Christiane CAOUETTE, Gozde GUR, Yavuz YAKUT, Nikola JEVTIC, Sanja SCHREIBER, Axel HENNES, Milan PANTOVIC, Jean claude DE MAUROY, Frederic BARRAL, Sophie POURRET, Angelo gabriele AULISA, Vincenzo GUZZANTI, Marco GALLI, Francesco FALCIGLIA, Lorenzo AULISA, Jean claude BERNARD, Julie DECEUNINCK, Eric BERTHONNAUD, Adrien ROUGELOT, Marie eva PICKERING, Emmanuelle CHALEAT VALAYER, Richard WEBB, Josette BETTANY SALTIKOV, Barbara NEIL, Martina POGGIO, Sabrina DONZELLI, Monia LUSINI, Salvatore MINNELLA, Alith HOANG, Saihu MAO, Benlong SHI, Bangping QIAN, Xu SUN, Nikita COBETTO, Soraya BARCH, Isabelle TURGEON, Hasan md arif RAIHAN, Datta tarit KUMAR, Chapal KHASNABIS, Ameed EQUBAL, Ashis kumar CHAKRABORTY, Abhishek BISWAS, Burcu DILEK, Cigdem AYHAN, Engin SIMSEK, Ozgen ARAS, Songul AKSOY, Doug HILL, Andreas DONAUER, Melissa TILBURN, Jim RASO, Marc MORAU, He CHEN, Man sang WONG, Sarah KOBAYASHI, Fatemeh ASLANZADEH, Brian MACINTOSH, Emmanouil g. MARAGKOUDAKIS, Ioannis d. GELALIS, Christina MAZIOTI, Gerasimos TSILIMIDOS, R. geoffrey BURWELL, Yu ZHENG, Xiao jun WU, Yi ni DANG, Ning SUN, Yan YANG, Tao WANG, Cheng qi HE, Gregorio MARTINEZ, Alberto NEGRINI, Matthew SHIRLEY, Hasani SWINDELL, Behrooz a. AKBARNIA, Sumeet GARG, James o. SANDERS, David l. SKAGGS, John t. SMITH, Aoife HEALY, Sybil FARMER, Nachiappan CHOCKALINGAM, Paolo PIZZETTI, Toru MARUYAMA, Yosuke KOBAYASHI, Yusuke NAKAO, Sai hu MAO, Bin WANG, Yang YU, Melvin c. MAKHNI, Jamal SHILLINGFORD, Abbie TURLAND, Antonio CARONNI, Luciana SCIUME, Elham khodayari MOEZ, Elise m. WATKINS, Preston SLOAN, Maliheh GHANEEI, Nikos KARAVIDAS, Despoina DRITSA, Nigel HANCHARD, Donghyun KIM, Junlae KIM, Amy SBIHLI, Lauren LEVEY, Mark HOLOWKA, Leigh DAVIS, Lori a DOLAN, Stuart l. WEINSTEIN, Jill e. LARSON, Maximilian a. MEYER, Barrett BOODY, John f. SARWARK, Benjamin GUNDLACH, Alison GRANT, Raman KALYAN, Waleed HEKAL, Cheryl HONEYMAN, Tim COOK, Scott MURRAY, Morena PITRUZZELLA, Jennifer HOPE, Julie YOSHIMACHI, Julie TOUCHETTE, Anissa ST JEAN, Danica BROUSSEAU, Louise MARCOTTE, Jean THEROUX, Chantal DOUCET, Yangmin LIN, John MACMAHON, Edward MACMAHON, Jeremy BOYETTE, Luke STIKELEATHER, Andrea LEBEL, Victoria ashley LEBEL, Chintan a. PANCHOLI PAREKH, Lise STOLZE, Marissa SELTHAFNER, Kaitlin HONG, Pamela r. MORRISON, Timothy a. HANKE, Patrick KNOTT, Nathaniel d. KRUMDICK, Thomas SHANNON, Ryan DAVENHILL, Robert a NEEDHAM, Vinay JASANI, El nasri AHMED, Marco GORDANO, Giuseppe MASTANTUONI, Michail CHANDRINOS, Pawel GLOWKA, Dominik GAWEL, Bartosz KASPRZAK, Michal NOWAK, Marek MORZYNSKI, Cyril LECANTE, Jean francois AUBIN FOURNIER, Debbie ehrmann FELDMAN, Wen ZHANG, Zongshan HU, Weiguo ZHU, Mengran JIN, Xiao HAN, Jing GUO, Tao WU, Feng ZHU, Jian JIANG, Huang YAN, Francesca DI FELICE, Panagiotis CHATZISTERGOS, Joseph e. REYNOLDS, Eric j. WALL, Vasilios g. IGOUMENOU, Panayiotis d. MEGALOIKONOMOS, Konstantinos TSIAVOS, Georgios n. PANAGOPOULOS, Andreas f. MAVROGENIS, Konstantinos SOULTANIS, Panayiotis j. PAPAGELOPOULOS, Andrew CHAN, Sho KOBAYASHI, Daisuke TOGAWA, Tomohiko HASEGAWA, Yu YAMATO, Shin OE, Tomohiro BANNO, Yuuki MIHARA, Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders | 2017
No summary available.
Good Consumer or Bad Consumer: Economic Information Revealed from Demand Profiles.
Yang YU, Guangyi LIU, Wendong ZHU, Fei WANG, Bin SHU, Kai ZHANG, Nicolas ASTIER, Ram RAJAGOPAL
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid | 2017
No summary available.
Parameter identification of JONSWAP spectrum acquired by airborne LIDAR.
Yang YU, Hailong PEI, Chengzhong XU
Journal of Ocean University of China | 2017
In this study, we developed the first linear Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum (JS), which involves a transformation from the JS solution to the natural logarithmic scale. This transformation is convenient for defining the least squares function in terms of the scale and shape parameters. We identified these two wind-dependent parameters to better understand the wind effect on surface waves. Due to its efficiency and high-resolution, we employed the airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system for our measurements. Due to the lack of actual data, we simulated ocean waves in the MATLAB environment, which can be easily translated into industrial programming language. We utilized the Longuet-Higgin (LH) random-phase method to generate the time series of wave records and used the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique to compute the power spectra density. After validating these procedures, we identified the JS parameters by minimizing the mean-square error of the target spectrum to that of the estimated spectrum obtained by FFT. We determined that the estimation error is relative to the amount of available wave record data. Finally, we found the inverse computation of wind factors (wind speed and wind fetch length) to be robust and sufficiently precise for wave forecasting.
Robust Increases of Land Equivalent Ratio with Temporal Niche Differentiation: A Meta-Quantile Regression.
Yang YU, David MAKOWSKI, Tjeerd jan STOMPH, Wopke VAN DER WERF
Agronomy Journal | 2016
Robust Increases of Land Equivalent Ratio with Temporal Niche Differentiation: A Meta-Quantile Regression.
A meta-analysis of relative crop yields in cereal/legume mixtures suggests options for management.
Yang YU, Tjeerd jan STOMPH, David MAKOWSKI, Lizhen ZHANG, Wopke VAN DER WERF
Field Crops Research | 2016
Intercrops of cereals and legumes are grown worldwide, both in smallholder agriculture in developing countries and in organic farming systems in developed countries. The competitive balance between species is a key factor determining productivity in mixtures.
Small-body deflection techniques using spacecraft: Techniques in simulating the fate of ejecta.
Stephen r. SCHWARTZ, Yang YU, Patrick MICHEL, Martin JUTZI
Advances in Space Research | 2016
We define a set of procedures to numerically study the fate of ejecta
produced by the impact of an artificial projectile with the aim of deflecting
an asteroid. Here we develop a simplified, idealized model of impact conditions
that can be adapted to fit the details of specific deflection-test scenarios,
such as what is being proposed for the AIDA project. Ongoing studies based upon
the methodology described here can be used to inform observational strategies
and safety conditions for an observing spacecraft. To account for ejecta
evolution, the numerical strategies we are employing are varied and include a
large N-Body component, a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) component, and
an application of impactor scaling laws. Simulations that use SPH-derived
initial conditions show high-speed ejecta escaping at low angles of
inclination, and very slowly moving ejecta lofting off the surface at higher
inclination angles, some of which re-impacts the small-body surface. We are
currently investigating the realism of this and other models' behaviors. Next
steps will include the addition of solar perturbations to the model and
applying the protocol developed here directly to specific potential mission
concepts such as the proposed AIDA scenario.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in Space
Research, Special Issue: Asteroids & Space Debri.
Science case for the Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM): A component of the Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission.
Patrick MICHEL, A. CHENG, M. KUPPERS, P. PRAVEC, J. BLUM, M. DELBO, S.f. GREEN, P. ROSENBLATT, K. TSIGANIS, Jean baptiste VINCENT, J. BIELE, V. CIARLETTI, A. HERIQUE, S. ULAMEC, I. CARNELLI, A. GALVEZ, L. BENNER, S.p. NAIDU, O.s. BARNOUIN, Derek c. RICHARDSON, A. RIVKIN, P. SCHEIRICH, N. MOSKOVITZ, A. THIROUIN, Stephen r. SCHWARTZ, A. CAMPO BAGATIN, Y. YU, J.b. VINCENT, D.c. RICHARDSON, S.r. SCHWARTZ
Advances in Space Research | 2016
The Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission is a joint cooperation between European and US space agencies that consists of two separate and independent spacecraft that will be launched to a binary asteroid system, the near-Earth asteroid Didymos, to test the kinetic impactor technique to deflect an asteroid. The European Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) is set to rendezvous with the asteroid system to fully characterise the smaller of the two binary components a few months prior to the impact by the US Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft. AIM is a unique mission as it will be the first time that a spacecraft will investigate the surface, subsurface, and internal properties of a small binary near–Earth asteroid. In addition it will perform various important technology demonstrations that can serve other space missions. The knowledge obtained by this mission will have great implications for our understanding of the history of the Solar System. Having direct information on the surface and internal properties of small asteroids will allow us to understand how the vaious processes they undergo work and transform these small bodies as well as, for this particular case, how a binary system forms. Making these measurements from up close and comparing them with ground-based data from telescopes will also allow us to calibrate remote observations and improve our data interpretation of other systems. With DART, thanks to the characterization of the target by AIM, the mission will be the first fully documented impact experiment at asteroid scale, which will include the characterization of the target’s properties and the outcome of the impact. AIDA will thus offer a great opportunity to test and refine our understanding and models at the actual scale of an asteroid, and to check whether the current extrapolations of material strength from laboratory-scale targets to the scale of AIDA’s target are valid. Moreover, it will offer a first check of the validity of the kinetic impactor concept to deflect a small body and lead to improved efficiency for future kinetic impactor designs. This paper focuses on the science return of AIM, the current knowledge of its target from ground-based observations, and the instrumentation planned to get the necessary data.
Temporal niche differentiation increases the land equivalent ratio of annual intercrops: A meta-analysis.
Yang YU, Tjeerd jan STOMPH, David MAKOWSKI, Wopke VAN DER WERF
Field Crops Research | 2015
Sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed to meet higher future food demands while mitigating agriculture's ecological footprint. Intercropping is a strategy for increasing agricultural productivity per unit land that is based on ecological mechanisms for improved resource capture. No quantitative synthesis has been made on the effect of intercrop system properties and species trait combinations on intercrop productivity. Here we use meta-analysis of the intercropping literature to study how the productivity of mixed systems is affected by intercrop system design and species traits. We focus on the effects of temporal niche differentiation between species, intercropping pattern, relative densities, the use of C3 and C4 species and the rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Land equivalent ratio (LER) is used as index for assessing the relative productivity of a mixed system as compared to sole crops. Average LER was 1.22 +/- 0.02, and no differences in LER were found between the 50 most highly cited studies and a random sample from the literature, indicating that high LERs in highly cited papers are representative of the entire literature. Temporal niche differentiation contributed substantially to high LER in systems combining a C3 and C4 species, but not in systems based on C3 species mixtures. The amount of N fertilizer interacted positively with the effect of temporal niche differentiation on LER. The intercropping literature is dominated by studies on cereal/legume mixtures. However, the few studies on C3 cereal/C4 cereal mixtures indicate these mixtures have high LER. Substantial improvements in land use efficiency in agriculture may be obtained by using mixtures, particularly C3/C4 mixtures. Thus, enhanced within-field crop diversity can make an important contribution to sustainable increases in food production.
An infinite-dimensional Luenberger-like observer for vibrating membranes.
Yang YU, Cheng zhong XU
The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC) | 2015
The main objective of this paper consists in studying the dynamic and observation of a wave equation [1] in a bounded domain in the plan. This work is inscribed in the field of control of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDE). We consider the wave equation system with Dirichlet boundary condition whose dynamic evolves in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. We assume that velocity is measured on some subdomain along the boundary. An infinite-dimensional exponentially convergent Luenberger-like observer is presented to estimate the system state: displacement and velocity on the whole domain. The main contribution of the work consists in building a reliable numerical simulator based on the finite element method (FEM). We examine the influence of the gain on the convergence rate of the observer.
Orthogonal Analysis Underscores the Relevance of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Licorice.
Charlotte SIMMLER, Dejan NIKOLIC, David c LANKIN, Yang YU, J brent FRIESEN, Richard b VAN BREEMEN, Alicia LECOMTE, Celine LE QUEMENER, Gregoire AUDO, Guido f PAULI
Journal of Natural Products | 2014
No summary available.
Numerical predictions of surface effects during the 2029 close approach of Asteroid 99942 Apophis.
Yang YU, Derek c. RICHARDSON, Patrick MICHEL, Stephen r. SCHWARTZ, Ronald louis BALLOUZ
Icarus | 2014
Asteroid (99942) Apophis' close approach in 2029 will be one of the most
significant small-body encounter events in the near future and offers a good
opportunity for in situ exploration to determine the asteroid's surface
properties and measure any tidal effects that might alter its regolith
configuration. Resurfacing mechanics has become a new focus for asteroid
researchers due to its important implications for interpreting surface
observations, including space weathering effects. This paper provides a
prediction for the tidal effects during the 2029 encounter, with an emphasis on
whether surface refreshing due to regolith movement will occur. The potential
shape modification of the object due to the tidal encounter is first confirmed
to be negligibly small with systematic simulations, thus only the external
perturbations are taken into account for this work (despite this, seismic
shaking induced by shifting blocks might still play a weak role and we will
look into this mechanism in future work). A two-stage approach is developed to
model the responses of asteroid surface particles (the regolith) based on the
soft-sphere implementation of the parallel N-body gravity tree code pkdgrav. A
full-body model of Apophis is sent past the Earth on the predicted trajectory
to generate the data of all forces acting at a target point on the surface. A
sandpile constructed in the local frame is then used to approximate the
regolith materials. all the forces the sandpile feels during the encounter are
imposed as external perturbations to mimic the regolith's behavior in the full
scenario. The local mechanical environment on the asteroid surface is
represented in detail, leading to an estimation of the change in global surface
environment due to the encounter. Typical patterns of perturbation are
presented that depend on the asteroid orientation and sense of rotation at
perigee.
Cooperative decoder design for non-binary LDPC code with coefficients selection.
Yang YU, Wen CHEN, Jun JUN LI, Benoit GELLER
2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) | 2013
In this paper we design novel decoders for non-binary low density parity check (LDPC) codes. For a non-binary LDPC code C over the field F q of size q for some q > 0, we propose two novel cooperative decoders, each composed of a binary component decoder and a q-ary component decoder in a concatenated manner, to obtain excellent decoding performance. Specifically to reduce the complexity of the cooperative decoders, we design a hybrid q-ary component decoder. Then, we propose an algorithm to construct the parity check matrix to eliminate the bit-level cycles. Simulations show that the decoding performance of the proposed algorithm approaches the capacity limit within 0.2dB at BER= 10 −4 .
Gli3 Regulation of Myogenesis Is Necessary for Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis.
Marie ange RENAULT, Soizic VANDIERDONCK, Candice CHAPOULY, Yang YU, Gangjian QIN, Alexandre METRAS, T. COUFFINHAL, Douglas LOSORDO, Q. YAO, A. REYNAUD, B. JASPARD VINASSA, I. BELLOC, C. DESGRANGES, Alain pierre GADEAU, D. w. LOSORDO, A. p. GADEAU
Circulation Research | 2013
RATIONALE: A better understanding of the mechanism underlying skeletal muscle repair is required to develop therapies that promote tissue regeneration in adults. Hedgehog signaling has been shown previously to be involved in myogenesis and angiogenesis: 2 crucial processes for muscle development and regeneration. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the role of the hedgehog transcription factor Gli3 in the cross-talk between angiogenesis and myogenesis in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using conditional knockout mice, we found that Gli3 deficiency in endothelial cells did not affect ischemic muscle repair, whereas in myocytes, Gli3 deficiency resulted in severely delayed ischemia-induced myogenesis. Moreover, angiogenesis was also significantly impaired in HSA-Cre(ERT2). Gli3(Flox/Flox) mice, demonstrating that impaired myogenesis indirectly affects ischemia-induced angiogenesis. The role of Gli3 in myocytes was then further investigated. We found that Gli3 promotes myoblast differentiation through myogenic factor 5 regulation. In addition, we found that Gli3 regulates several proangiogenic factors, including thymidine phosphorylase and angiopoietin-1 both in vitro and in vivo, which indirectly promote endothelial cell proliferation and arteriole formation. In addition, we found that Gli3 is upregulated in proliferating myoblasts by the cell cycle-associated transcription factor E2F1. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time that Gli3-regulated postnatal myogenesis is necessary for muscle repair-associated angiogenesis. Most importantly, it implies that myogenesis drives angiogenesis in the setting of skeletal muscle repair and identifies Gli3 as a potential target for regenerative medicine.
Preliminary results of glow discharge cleaning on SWIP test bench.
Wang YINGQIAO, Wang MINGXU, Dan MIN, Ren XIAOLI, Pan YUDONG, Wang DING, Shen LIRU, Li BO, Richard PITTS, Michiya SHIMADA, Yang YU, So MARUYAMA, Gabor KISS, David DOUAI, Volker ROHDE
2013 IEEE 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE) | 2013
In order to explore the characteristic of glow discharge cleaning (GDC) electrode of ITER and to support ITER GDC conceptual design, GDC tests are performed on SWIP GDC test bench. The setup of the GDC test bench is described. The tests focus on the breakdown, volt-ampere characteristics and heat load of helium and hydrogen glow discharge with recessed electrode, which is based on current ITER GDC conceptual design. Some results of such a recessed electrode and some unclear phenomena are shown.
